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47 He destroyed their vines with hail,
and their sycamore-fig trees with driving rain.
48 He rained hail down on their cattle,[a]
and hurled lightning bolts down on their livestock.[b]
49 His raging anger lashed out against them.[c]
He sent fury, rage, and trouble
as messengers who bring disaster.[d]

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Footnotes

  1. Psalm 78:48 tn Heb “and he turned over to the hail their cattle.”
  2. Psalm 78:48 tn Heb “and their livestock to the flames.” “Flames” here refer to the lightning bolts that accompanied the storm.
  3. Psalm 78:49 tn Heb “he sent against them the rage of his anger.” The phrase “rage of his anger” employs an appositional genitive. Synonyms are joined in a construct relationship to emphasize the single idea. For a detailed discussion of the grammatical point with numerous examples, see Y. Avishur, “Pairs of Synonymous Words in the Construct State (and in Appositional Hendiadys) in Biblical Hebrew,” Semitics 2 (1971): 17-81.
  4. Psalm 78:49 tn Heb “fury and indignation and trouble, a sending of messengers of disaster.”